Heat flow and heat generation in the superior province of the canadian shield     

Alan M. Jessop  Lewis Trevor 《Tectonophysics》1978,50(1):55-77

Nine new heat flow determinations and several measurements of radioactive heat generation are presented for the Superior Province. The average value of twenty-one heat flows now published for the Superior, corrected for Pleistocene glaciation, is 40 ± 8 mW/m². Heat generation values are low generally less than 3 μWW/m³. Although individual values of the ratio of thorium to uranium vary considerably, the geometrical average of four is lower than results from other Archean rocks.A linear relation between the heat flow and radioactive heat generation may exist. The reduced heat flow, 21 mW/m², and the characteristic depth, 14 km, from this relation are quite different from other heat flow provinces. Since large thicknesses of the crust have been eroded away and since the original heat generation was much larger than the values measured now, a linear relation equivalent to those found in younger heat flow provinces is not expected.To account for the large differences in heat flow and heat generation observed in different Archean shields an Archean crustal model is proposed which includes thin (2–4 km) radioactive surface veneers over some areas.The thermal parameters of a young crust may well determine whether or not it will survive. Since Archean times the heat flow of each newly stabilized region has been a constant, and since the time of formation or last orogeny the heat flow in each province has steadily decreased. The geothermal gradients in Archean crust have decreased the most, causing significant underplating, and increasing the strength of the crust.  相似文献   

Tackling U.K. shoreline refuse     

Trevor R. Dixon 《Marine pollution bulletin》1978,9(4):91

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Oil pollution on Israeli coasts     

Trevor Dixon  Tim Dixon 《Marine pollution bulletin》1975,6(5):70-72

Israel has long experienced the effects of oil discharged offshore into the Eastern Mediterranean. A 7-week survey discovered that the country now faces an additional inshore problem resulting from the changing regional pattern of oil transportation.  相似文献   

RAS National Astronomy Meeting 2005     

Trevor Ponman 《Astronomy& Geophysics》2005,46(3):3.11-3.14

Shortly after Easter, more than 430 registrants gathered at the the University of Birmingham for the Royal Astronomical Society's annual National Astronomy Meeting, held jointly this year with the UK Solar Physics Meeting. Trevor Ponman summarizes the lively discussion and debate at the NAM.  相似文献   

The Clementine mission —A 10-year perspective     

Trevor C. Sorensen  Paul D. Spudis 《Journal of Earth System Science》2005,114(6):645-668

Clementine was a technology demonstration mission jointly sponsored by the Department of Defense (DOD) and NASA that was launched on January 25th, 1994. Its principal objective was to use the Moon, a near-Earth asteroid, and the spacecraft’s Interstage Adapter as targets to demonstrate lightweight sensor performance and several innovative spacecraft systems and technologies. The design, development, and operation of the Clementine spacecraft and ground system was performed by the Naval Research Laboratory. For over two months Clementine mapped the Moon, producing the first multispectral global digital map of the Moon, the first global topographic map, and contributing several other important scientific discoveries, including the possibility of ice at the lunar South Pole. New experiments or schedule modifications were made with minimal constraints, maximizing science return, thus creating a new paradigm for mission operations. Clementine was the first mission known to conduct an in-flight autonomous operations experiment. After leaving the Moon, Clementine suffered an onboard failure that caused cancellation of the asteroid rendezvous. Despite this setback, NASA and the DOD applied the lessons learned from the Clementine mission to later missions. Clementine set the standard against which new small spacecraft missions are commonly measured. More than any other mission, Clementine has the most influence (scientifically, technically, and operationally) on the lunar missions being planned for the next decade.  相似文献   

Generating MODFLOW grids from boundary representation solid models   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jones NL  Budge TJ  Lemon AM  Zundel AK 《Ground water》2002,40(2):194-200

Complex stratigraphy can be difficult to simulate in MODFLOW models. MODFLOW uses a structured grid that requires that each grid layer be continuous throughout the model domain. This makes it difficult to explicitly represent common features such as pinchouts and embedded seams in a MODFLOW model. In this paper, we describe a method for automatically generating MODFLOW-compatible grids from boundary-representation solid models. Solid models are data structures developed originally for computer-aided design applications that define the geometry of three-dimensional objects. Solid models can be used to represent arbitrarily complex stratigraphy. The elevations defined by the solids are then extracted from the solids in a manner that preserves the continuous-layer requirement imposed by MODFLOW. Two basic approaches are described: The first method adjusts the MODFLOW grid dimensions (layer elevations) to fit the solid model boundaries, and the second method creates a regular MODFLOW grid and adjusts the material properties to match the changes in stratigraphy. One of the main benefits of using solid models to define stratigraphy for MODFLOW models is that it provides a grid-independent definition of the layer elevations that can be used to immediately re-create the MODFLOW grid geometry after any change to the grid resolution.  相似文献   

Effect of a dolerite intrusion on triterpane stereochemistry and kerogen in Rundle oil shale,Australia     

Trevor D. Gilbert  Lorraine C. Stephenson  R.Paul Philp 《Organic Geochemistry》1985,8(2):163-169

Stereochemical changes of triterpanes present in extracts from an immature oil shale sequence intruded by a 3-m dolerite sill have been studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The steric configuration of the hopanes was observed to change from one dominated by the thermally less stable 17β(H), 21β(H) configuration at some distance from the intrusion, to one dominated by the thermally more stable 17α(H), 21β(H) and 17β(H), 21α(H) configurating in the immediate vicinity of the intrusion. In addition, severe alteration of the kerogen appeared to have taken place as a result of the contact metamorphism, and high concentrations of extractable organic matter were observed below the intrusion. Characterization of the kerogens by Curie-point pyrolysis has enabled the effects of the intrusion on the shales to be monitored.  相似文献   

The causes of bedload pulses in a gravel channel: the implications of bedload grain‐size distributions     

Judith R. Cudden  Trevor B. Hoey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(13):1411-1428

Unsteady bedload transport was measured in two c. 5 m wide anabranches of a gravel‐bed braided stream draining the Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland, during the 1998 and 1999 melt seasons. Bedload was directly sampled using 152 mm square Helley–Smith type samplers deployed from a portable measuring bridge, and independent transport rate estimates for the coarser size fractions were obtained from the dispersion of magnetically tagged tracer pebbles. Bedload transport time series show pulsing behaviour under both marginal (1998) and partial (1999) transport regimes. There are generally weak correlations between transport rates and shear stresses determined from velocity data recorded at the measuring bridge. Characteristic parameters of the bedload grain‐size distributions (D₅₀, D₈₄) are weakly correlated with transport rates. Analysis of full bedload grain‐size distributions reveals greater structure, with a tendency for transport to become less size selective at higher transport rates. The bedload time series show autoregressive behaviour but are dif?cult to distinguish by this method. State–space plots, and associated measures of time‐series separation, reveal the structure of the time series more clearly. The measured pulses have distinctly different time‐series characteristics from those modelled using a one‐dimensional sediment routing model in which bed shear stress and grain size are varied randomly. These results suggest a mechanism of pulse generation based on irregular low‐amplitude bedforms, that may be generated in‐channel or may represent the advection of material supplied by bank erosion events. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Validating Earth and ocean tide models using tidal gravity measurements   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Trevor F. Baker  Machiel S. Bos 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,152(2):468-485

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The Chandra view of galaxy mergers     

Nicola J. Brassington  Trevor J. Ponman  rew M. Read 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,377(4):1439-1456

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